At-Risk Transformation for U.S. Recession Prediction

Authors: Rahul Billakanti, Minchul Shin

Year: 2026

econ.EMstat.AP

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2026
Published
2
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Abstract

We propose a simple binarization of predictors, an "at-risk" transformation, as an alternative to the standard practice of using continuous, standardized variables in recession forecasting models. By converting predictors into indicators of unusually weak states based on a thresholding rule estimated from training data, we demonstrate their ability to capture the discrete nature of rare events such as U.S. recessions. Using a large panel of monthly U.S. macroeconomic and financial data, we show that binarized predictors consistently improve out-of-sample forecasting performance, often making linear models competitive with flexible machine learning methods, and that the gains are particularly pronounced around the onset of recessions.

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